Recent Changes

Domestication and Agriculture
In the Andes, we find examples of certain foods that are indigenous to the culture of those living in these areas. Coca farming, for instance, is a purely South American occurence. It is domesticated for its effects on the mental and emotional state of the body. Farmed in the lower altitudes of the eastern Andes in Peru and Bolivia, this bushy plant is exploited as a sort of stimulant, used as a tea, or consumed in its leaf form, with the mineral lime. Consumption of coca is prominent in religious rituals as offerings, and sometimes as symbols of friendship. It can also be used as an appetite suppressant and can sometimes take the place of a midday meal. Today, coca is widely used in both the low and highlands of the Andean region.
ArgumentAndean Way Of Life
Lo Andino aims to describe not only the cultural and religious aspects of Andean civilization, but also the regional and environmental aspects which have an impact on how all of these indigenous activities play out.
Canuto, Marcello C. 2000. The Archaeology of Communities. Routledge
Gade, Daniel. 1999. Nature and Culture in the Andes. University of Wisconsin Press

"Lo Andino"
those elements. Much of what we see in Andean culture today is derived from a common heritage and is a product of many generations of people.
{http://www.dailypictures.info/pictures/1532/Andes%20Mountains,%20Patagonia,%20Argentina.jpg}
Verticality
Domestication and Agriculture
In the Andes, we find examples of certain foods that are indigenous to the culture of those living in these areas. Coca farming, for instance, is a purely South American occurence. It is domesticated for its effects on the mental and emotional state of the body. Farmed in the lower altitudes of the eastern Andes in Peru and Bolivia, this bushy plant is exploited as a sort of stimulant, used as a tea, or consumed in its leaf form, with the mineral lime. Consumption of coca is prominent in religious rituals as offerings, and sometimes as symbols of friendship. It can also be used as an appetite suppressant and can sometimes take the place of a midday meal. Today, coca is widely used in both the low and highlands of the Andean region.
Argument
Canuto, Marcello C. 2000. The Archaeology of Communities. Routledge
Gade, Daniel. 1999. Nature and Culture in the Andes. University of Wisconsin Press

"Lo Andino"
those elements. Other smaller examples of elements of Lo Andino might include coca farming, certain types of ceramics, and any other indigenous traits which identify with Andean culture and civilization.
{http://www.dailypictures.info/pictures/1532/Andes%20Mountains,%20Patagonia,%20Argentina.jpg}
Verticality
Qoyllur Riti
Essential to the Andean culture and religion is the festival called Qoyllur Riti. Occuring once a year, those who participate in the festival assume different roles in a pilgrimage to honor the {http://www.i-needtoknow.com/ausangate/images/2005/novak/DSC01477.jpg} Pilgrimage in PeruAndean god Taytacha, who is thought to inhabit the highest region of the mountains. Some who participate in the festival must perform certain tasks in order to recieve cargos, which are kinds of social and religious responsibilities. Qoyllur Riti is an indigenous activity that is important to the Andean regions and essential to their culture. It is how it has always been and how it always will be. This activity, unique to South America, is a significant example of "Lo Andino".
Domestication and Agriculture
In the Andes, we find examples of certain foods that are indigenous to the culture of those living in these areas. Coca farming, for instance, is a purely South American occurence. It is domesticated for its effects on the mental and emotional state of the body. Farmed in the lower altitudes of the eastern Andes in Peru and Bolivia, this bushy plant is exploited as a sort of stimulant, used as a tea, or consumed in its leaf form, with the mineral lime. Consumption of coca is prominent in religious rituals as offerings, and sometimes as symbols of friendship. It can also be used as an appetite suppressant and can sometimes take the place of a midday meal. Today, coca is widely used in both the low and highlands of the Andean region.
Canuto, Marcello C. 2000. The Archaeology of Communities. Routledge
Gade, Daniel. 1999. Nature and Culture in the Andes. University of Wisconsin Press

Verticality and "Lo"Lo Andino"
The concept of Lo Andino is a localized term of South America that refers to something that is unique to the area, especially the western part of South America. It refers to the way that Andean people live and the things that make Andean civilization what it is today. Within the culture, there are many practices, symbols, material, and non-material things which make up Lo Andino, and the concept of verticality is a prime example of one of those elements. Other smaller examples of elements of Lo Andino might include coca farming, certain types of ceramics, and any other indigenous traits which identify with Andean culture and civilization.
{http://www.dailypictures.info/pictures/1532/Andes%20Mountains,%20Patagonia,%20Argentina.jpg}

These three types of environments contribute to Andean people different types of elements which cannot be obtained without the concept of verticality. It's the spreading across these different landscapes which provide all the settlements within each landscape different crops and items which wouldn't be able to be obtained otherwise. Within the valleys there are settlements which work with one another to provide each with the necessities needed to live in these areas of the Andes. Murra describes this by explaining that satellite villages are created to connect each community and each village has their own labor obligation. Murra calls this concept The Vertical Archipelago model, in that like archipelagos, these satellite villages which are spread across the landscape, live near each other and depend on one another for economic and social affairs.
Within these communities, we see that there are multi-ethnic settlements, sometimes which may or may not interact with one another and where relations may be differing between them.
Anthropologists today may think of Murra's concept as somewhat out-dated and that the groups living within the settlements may grow competitive as new people move and cultivate the areas of each community.
Qoyllur Riti
to South AmericaAmerica, is a
Canuto, Marcello C. 2000. The Archaeology of Communities. Routledge
Gade, Daniel. 1999. Nature and Culture in the Andes. University of Wisconsin Press

Within these communities, we see that there are multi-ethnic settlements, sometimes which may or may not interact with one another and where relations may be differing between them.
Qoyllur Riti
the {http://www.i-needtoknow.com/ausangate/images/2005/novak/DSC01477.jpg} AndeanPilgrimage in PeruAndean god Taytacha,
Canuto, Marcello C. 2000. The Archaeology of Communities. Routledge
Gade, Daniel. 1999. Nature and Culture in the Andes. University of Wisconsin Press

Qoyllur Riti
Essential to the Andean culture and religion is the festival called Qoyllur Riti. Occuring once a year, those who participate in the festival assume different roles in a pilgrimage to honor the {http://www.i-needtoknow.com/ausangate/images/2005/novak/DSC01477.jpg} Andean god Taytacha, who is thought to inhabit the highest region of the mountains. Some who participate in the festival must perform certain tasks in order to recieve cargos, which are kinds of social and religious responsibilities. Qoyllur Riti is an indigenous activity that is important to the Andean regions and essential to their culture. It is how it has always been and how it always will be. This activity, unique to South America is a significant example of "Lo Andino".
Canuto, Marcello C. 2000. The Archaeology of Communities. Routledge
Gade, Daniel. 1999. Nature and Culture in the Andes. University of Wisconsin Press
Owen, Bruce. 1998. The "Vertical Archipelago" Model of Andean Economics and Settlement. Andean Archaeology and Ethnohistory

Within these communities, we see that there are multi-ethnic settlements, sometimes which may or may not interact with one another and where relations may be differing between them.
Qoyllur Riti
religious responsibilities. Qoyllur Riti is an indigenous activity that is important to the Andean regions and essential to their culture. It is how it has always been and how it always will be. This activity, unique to South America is a significant example of "Lo Andino".
Gade, Daniel. 1999. Nature and Culture in the Andes. University of Wisconsin Press
Owen, Bruce. 1998. The "Vertical Archipelago" Model of Andean Economics and Settlement. Andean Archaeology and Ethnohistory

Within these communities, we see that there are multi-ethnic settlements, sometimes which may or may not interact with one another and where relations may be differing between them.
Qoyllur Riti
once a {http://www.i-needtoknow.com/ausangate/images/2005/novak/DSC01477.jpg} year, those honor the {http://www.i-needtoknow.com/ausangate/images/2005/novak/DSC01477.jpg} Andean god
Gade, Daniel. 1999. Nature and Culture in the Andes. University of Wisconsin Press
Owen, Bruce. 1998. The "Vertical Archipelago" Model of Andean Economics and Settlement. Andean Archaeology and Ethnohistory